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                  <text>Background note on the Military Monographs of the Infantry School, the Armored School, and the Command and General Staff School:

After the war, many field grade officers (captains and majors, lieutenant colonels) who participated in military campaigns in the Philippines attended the Advanced Officers Courses at the Infantry School in Fort Benning, Georgia, the Armored School in Fort Knox, Kentucky, or the Command and General Staff School at Fort Leavenworth. This was a requirement for promotion to higher ranks, and in order to finish the course, a term paper was required, wherein tactical principles and lessons learned would be emphasized over personal experiences. The resulting papers are called Military monographs and focus on specific battles and campaigns from a special point of view, usually reflecting the author’s own experience during the war. 

Thus, for the Infantry School, there are papers on battles in Bataan, Leyte, Luzon and Manila; for the Armored School there are monographs on the use of armor in Luzon and others. Since these were field officers, they wrote about their observations as division or regimental staff officers, in the Infantry, Field Artillery, Cavalry and other branches of service.  The principles and lessons learned were the most important aspect of the monographs (some penned in comments question the rationality of some conclusions), and these monographs were written for this purpose. They serve as historical source materials, but some have to be double-checked with other sources since occasionally an author took liberties to fit his experience into the so-called “school solution.” (cf. the discussion in Corregidor.org regarding some of the monographs on Corregidor).</text>
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                <text>Men of destiny : the American and Filipino guerillas during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines : a monograph / by Major Peter T. Sinclair, II</text>
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                <text>Military monograph for the School of Advanced Military Studies at Fort Leavenworth, dealing with the Philippine guerrilla resistance movement. He discusses the roles of Americans and Filipinos in the movement, Japanese counter-guerrilla operations; support by Macarthur; the intelligence structure to assist MacArthur’s forces; guerilla role in the Philippine liberation campaign. &#13;
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As a study of a guerrilla movement, the author analyzes how such movements start, how they succeed, and countermeasures for enemy anti-guerrilla tactics.</text>
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                <text>This series was first published by MacArthur’s headquarters in 1950, but was not made available until after MacArthur’s death in 1964. &#13;
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Volume I, prepared by MacArthur’s staff under the direction of his chief of intelligence, Maj. Gen. Charles A. Willoughby, details MacArthur’s military campaigns from the start of the war, including the defense of the Philippines in 1941-1942, the defense of Australia, MacArthur’s leap-frogging strategy in the Southwest Pacific Area and return to the Philippines. &#13;
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&#13;
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Basic overview, utilizing primary and secondary sources available at that time, as well as consultations with guerrilla leaders who were still alive. Presents much important information not available elsewhere on the travails and exploits of the Filipino guerrillas, how they kept large sections of the Philippines free from Japanese control and how they aided in the liberation of the country. &#13;
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A basic reference for any student of World War II in the Philippines.  Unfortunately, Baclagon seldom cites his sources nor does he present a bibliography. Published under the sponsorship of the Veterans Federation of the Philippines. </text>
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&#13;
The author, a Philippine Military Academy graduate and himself the recipient of a medal for heroism during the war, has compiled the citations for Filipino heroes in the different phases of the war: Part I is on the heroes of the 1941-42 USAFFE defense: the beach defenses and the fighting withdrawals in Luzon; the various battles in Bataan and Corregidor; actions in the defense of the Visayas and Mindanao. Part II narrates the stories of heroism in the resistance movement, including the liberation campaigns. The individual cases of bravery are told through the actual citations on the medals the heroes received. &#13;
&#13;
Appendices list the medal recipients by campaign, by unit, and by the number of medals received. The citations are taken as is (although some of them proved controversial); perhaps not surprisingly, then-President Ferdinand Marcos is listed as having won the most number of medals. (This book was reissued in 1980, during the Martial Law years, as "Filipino Heroes of World War II," adding a few more pages – and photographs - to document Marcos’ Medal of Valor). &#13;
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A useful source, but some of the citations have to be checked with other sources to verify claims. Unique in that the major actors are Filipinos; the Americans are not the center of the picture.</text>
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